大佛頂首楞嚴經淺釋

第262期

(接上期)

敕文殊師利,將咒往護。惡咒銷滅,提獎阿難及摩登伽,歸來佛所。
敕文殊師利:「敕」,就是敕命,就是命令這個人去。命令誰呢?這要有大智慧的人,才能救度愚癡的人。阿難尊者雖然證到初果阿羅漢,然而他的定力不健全,所以就被先梵天咒這種的幻術所迷,淫躬撫摩,將毀戒體──最危險的,就是「將毀戒體」!這個「將」字,它是沒有毀戒體,沒有破戒;若說已毀戒體,那就完了,那阿難尊者就墮落了,將來很難再修得成功了。所以幸而這將毀戒體,將破沒破的期間,佛就知道了。
佛在那兒應供,我相信大約沒有吃得太飽。為什麼?佛這麼慈愛的一個弟子,又是堂弟,又是他的侍者。怎麼叫「侍者」呢?就是他講經說法,總在兩邊這麼服侍他。好像現在黃文慈和李錦山這兩個人,這就是侍者,又叫「護法」。那麼這個時候,佛想:「啊,我這個侍者被魔給抓去了,這還了得!」於是大約吃飯吃得八分飽,趕快就回自己的祇桓精舍去。這些個王公、大臣、長者、居士都在後邊跟著一大溜,喔,不知道有多少!
到祇桓精舍,釋迦牟尼佛就放光現瑞──現百寶光明,光中湧出千葉寶蓮,有化如來,坐寶華中,結跏趺坐,宣說神咒,就說〈楞嚴神咒〉了。可是光說這個神咒,也離得遠,總要命令一個僧人,拿著這個咒去救阿難。於是就敕命文殊師利菩薩,他是有大智慧的,所以就叫他去。去做什麼呢?將咒往護:「將」,就是拿著。拿著這個咒「往護」,就到淫室,也就是摩登伽女的家裏,去救護阿難。這個〈楞嚴咒〉,我對你們講過,其中有幾句專門破外道法的。〈楞嚴咒〉破外道的咒術,是最靈驗不過的,所以文殊師利菩薩就用這個咒,去救護阿難。
【編按】以下節自一九八七年十一月二十八日「主觀智能推動力」講座
〈楞嚴咒〉是化身佛說出來的,必須要有大智慧、大德行、大慈悲的願力,才能使用這個〈楞嚴咒〉。文殊師利菩薩智慧第一,道德也是最高的,他慈悲喜捨也是很圓滿,所以佛就敕令文殊師利菩薩,以〈楞嚴咒〉去救護阿難。先梵天咒是一種迷人的咒,而〈楞嚴咒〉是一種教人覺悟的咒,也就令阿難反迷歸覺,恢復定力,所以惡咒就消滅了。那麼惡咒消滅了,阿難就明白過來,所以文殊師利菩薩提攜阿難和摩登伽女,回到佛所住的地方。
由這一段經文,我們就也要知道,持〈楞嚴咒〉必須要嚴持戒律,修般若的智慧,才能與這個咒相應,才能用的時候得心應手,如意吉祥。
──「主觀智能推動力」講座至此
那麼到那個地方,一念這個咒,惡咒銷滅:這個惡咒就消滅了。「惡咒」,就是先梵天咒。惡咒不靈了,阿難就醒悟了。提獎阿難及摩登伽,歸來佛所:文殊菩薩提獎阿難和摩登伽的女兒,就回來了。回到什麼地方呢?就到祇桓精舍,佛所住的地方。
怎麼叫「提」呢?因為阿難被惡咒迷惑得才剛明白過來,還不知道東南西北,也不知道現在在什麼地方,就好像做了一場夢,這個夢方才醒的樣子,所以文殊師利菩薩就用手來提著他,攙扶著他。
「獎」,就是獎勵。獎勵誰呢?獎勵摩登伽女。這個時候,如果文殊菩薩不獎勵摩登伽女,我告訴你,摩登伽女會和文殊菩薩拼命,殺文殊師利菩薩都有份的。為什麼?你看,她這麼樣一個愛人被人給帶走了!相信如果不和她說好話,她眼睛也紅了,真不知道想要做什麼了!所以文殊師利菩薩就安慰她,說是:「妳真是一個很美麗的小姐,妳是一個很善良的女人!現在妳跟著我去,到那兒我和佛商量,看看妳這個願力能不能成功?我去給妳說一點好話,或者可以辦得到!」這樣一講,向摩登伽女連方便語帶說好話,這叫「獎」,獎勵她;就是用一種委曲婉轉的語言,令摩登伽女不發脾氣,令她不要尋死去。
這一段文,由前邊「如是我聞」到此,這叫「序分」。序分,就是在經前邊敘述,令它有這種證據。由六種成就「如是我聞」,到「歸來佛所」這一段文,這統統名叫「序」,又叫「經前序」,因為它是列在這部經的前邊。這個序,又叫「經後序」。說:「這簡直講得矛盾到極點了!怎麼又是前邊,又是後邊?究竟是前邊,是後邊?」究竟也是前邊,也是後邊。怎麼說呢?因為佛在說經的時候,沒有這一段文。這一段文,是阿難尊者結集經藏的時候加上去的。因為是在說經之後加上的,所以叫「經後序」。
序分,有「證信序」,又有「發起序」。前邊那六種成就,叫「證信序」,就是證明這部經是可相信的。又叫「通序」,差不離地所有經典都有這個序。由六種成就之後,到「歸來佛所」這一段文,叫「發起序」。因為阿難尊者受摩登伽女難這種的因緣,而發起請佛來講這一部經,所以又叫「別序」,這是每一部經各別的序。
關於「序」這一點,我們學佛法的人都應該知道。雖然這是名相,就是講不講,都無關重要,但是你要明白它這個道理。如果你不明白它的道理,連個序也分別不出來,那你就不是一個明白佛法的人了。明白佛法的,就是哪一段文是什麼意思,都要深入經藏,要鑽到它裏邊去,這樣你才能智慧如海呢!你若這樣想:「這部經就是我說的,我說了這一部經,這個道理都是從我心裏發出來的。」你能這個樣子,這經和你本身合成一個了。這個時候,也沒有深,也沒有淺了,你拿它當很平常的事情,就不覺得難了!《楞嚴經》這個文章是再好都沒有了,我認為這文章是妙到極點。中國的《古文釋義》、《古文觀止》、四書、五經,都沒有這文章寫得好!我這一生最喜愛這個文章了!所以願意學中文的人,不要錯過這個機會!能把《楞嚴經》的文法通了,那中文可以說是完全都可以通了。
我在香港有個徒弟,他能把這一部經,從前面一字不錯地背到後面。為什麼我叫他讀呢?本來我想把它讀得背得出來,連《楞嚴經》和《法華經》都裝到肚皮裏頭,永遠都不會丟了。可是我的時間太緊了,所以始終沒有完成我這個心願。我那個徒弟呢,《法華經》,他可以背得出;《楞嚴經》,他也可以背得出。他這不是用一年、兩年的功夫,而是用了五年的功夫背這兩部經。

(下期待續)

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